What type of clouds generally indicate turbulence?

Cumulus clouds are typically associated with turbulence due to their vertical development. These clouds form when warm, moist air rises, cools, and condenses, leading to the characteristic puffy, white appearance. As the air continues to rise, it can create updrafts and downdrafts within the cloud, resulting in turbulent conditions both within and beneath the cloud itself.

In contrast, stratus clouds are generally uniform and spread out, indicating stable air and typically resulting in calm weather conditions rather than turbulence. Nimboform clouds, while associated with precipitation, do not specifically indicate turbulence as they often form in a more stable environment. Cirrus clouds, being high-altitude wispy clouds, usually signify fair weather and do not contribute to turbulent conditions. Thus, cumulus clouds are the most indicative of turbulence due to their formation process and structure.