What factor contributes most significantly to an aircraft's wake turbulence?

The most significant factor contributing to an aircraft's wake turbulence is the weight of the aircraft. Wake turbulence is generated by the circulation of air caused by the wings as they generate lift. Heavier aircraft produce more intense vortices because the lift required to support their weight is greater. These vortices tend to descend slowly and can linger in the vicinity for a considerable time, posing hazards to following aircraft.

While the speed of the aircraft, the type of engine, and acrobatic maneuvers can influence the characteristics of wake turbulence, they do not have as direct an impact on the strength and severity of the wake as weight does. Heavier aircraft create stronger and more persistent wake turbulence, which is why understanding an aircraft's weight is crucial for maintaining safe separation during takeoff, landing, and in flight.